通用文本嵌入(GTE)模型。Towards General Text Embeddings with Multi-stage Contrastive Learning
GTE模型由阿里巴巴达摩院训练。它们主要基于BERT框架,目前提供三种不同尺寸的模型,包括[GTE-large]、[GTE-base]和[GTE-small]。GTE模型在大规模相关文本对语料库上进行训练,覆盖广泛的领域和场景。这使得GTE模型能够应用于文本嵌入的各种下游任务,包括信息检索、语义文本相似度、文本重排序等。
我们在MTEB基准上比较了GTE模型与其他流行文本嵌入模型的性能。更多详细的比较结果,请参考[MTEB leaderboard]。
| 模型名称 | 模型大小 (GB) | 维度 | 序列长度 | 平均值 (56) | 聚类 (11) | 对分类 (3) | 重排序 (4) | 检索 (15) | STS (10) | 摘要 (1) | 分类 (12) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [gte-large] | 0.67 | 1024 | 512 | 63.13 | 46.84 | 85.00 | 59.13 | 52.22 | 83.35 | 31.66 | 73.33 |
| [gte-base] | 0.22 | 768 | 512 | 62.39 | 46.2 | 84.57 | 58.61 | 51.14 | 82.3 | 31.17 | 73.01 |
| [e5-large-v2] | 1.34 | 1024 | 512 | 62.25 | 44.49 | 86.03 | 56.61 | 50.56 | 82.05 | 30.19 | 75.24 |
| [e5-base-v2] | 0.44 | 768 | 512 | 61.5 | 43.80 | 85.73 | 55.91 | 50.29 | 81.05 | 30.28 | 73.84 |
| [gte-small] | 0.07 | 384 | 512 | 61.36 | 44.89 | 83.54 | 57.7 | 49.46 | 82.07 | 30.42 | 72.31 |
| [text-embedding-ada-002] | - | 1536 | 8192 | 60.99 | 45.9 | 84.89 | 56.32 | 49.25 | 80.97 | 30.8 | 70.93 |
| [e5-small-v2] | 0.13 | 384 | 512 | 59.93 | 39.92 | 84.67 | 54.32 | 49.04 | 80.39 | 31.16 | 72.94 |
| [sentence-t5-xxl] | 9.73 | 768 | 512 | 59.51 | 43.72 | 85.06 | 56.42 | 42.24 | 82.63 | 30.08 | 73.42 |
| [all-mpnet-base-v2] | 0.44 | 768 | 514 | 57.78 | 43.69 | 83.04 | 59.36 | 43.81 | 80.28 | 27.49 | 65.07 |
| [sgpt-bloom-7b1-msmarco] | 28.27 | 4096 | 2048 | 57.59 | 38.93 | 81.9 | 55.65 | 48.22 | 77.74 | 33.6 | 66.19 |
| [all-MiniLM-L12-v2] | 0.13 | 384 | 512 | 56.53 | 41.81 | 82.41 | 58.44 | 42.69 | 79.8 | 27.9 | 63.21 |
| [all-MiniLM-L6-v2] | 0.09 | 384 | 512 | 56.26 | 42.35 | 82.37 | 58.04 | 41.95 | 78.9 | 30.81 | 63.05 |
| [contriever-base-msmarco] | 0.44 | 768 | 512 | 56.00 | 41.1 | 82.54 | 53.14 | 41.88 | 76.51 | 30.36 | 66.68 |
| [sentence-t5-base] | 0.22 | 768 | 512 | 55.27 | 40.21 | 85.18 | 53.09 | 33.63 | 81.14 | 31.39 | 69.81 |
代码示例
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import Tensor
from openmind import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
def average_pool(last_hidden_states: Tensor,
attention_mask: Tensor) -> Tensor:
last_hidden = last_hidden_states.masked_fill(~attention_mask[..., None].bool(), 0.0)
return last_hidden.sum(dim=1) / attention_mask.sum(dim=1)[..., None]
model_path = "SY_AICC/gte-large"
input_texts = [
"what is the capital of China?",
"how to implement quick sort in python?",
"Beijing",
"sorting algorithms"
]
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(model_path)
# Tokenize the input texts
batch_dict = tokenizer(input_texts, max_length=512, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt').to(device)
outputs = model(**batch_dict)
embeddings = average_pool(outputs.last_hidden_state, batch_dict['attention_mask'])
# (Optionally) normalize embeddings
embeddings = F.normalize(embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
scores = (embeddings[:1] @ embeddings[1:].T) * 100
print(scores.tolist())本模型仅适用于英文文本,并且任何长文本都将被截断至最多512个token。
如果您发现我们的论文或模型对您有所帮助,请考虑按以下方式引用:
@article{li2023towards,
title={Towards general text embeddings with multi-stage contrastive learning},
author={Li, Zehan and Zhang, Xin and Zhang, Yanzhao and Long, Dingkun and Xie, Pengjun and Zhang, Meishan},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.03281},
year={2023}
}