OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5
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InternVL-Chat-V1-5

[[

📂GitHub📂 GitHub📂GitHub

](https://github.com/OpenGVLab/InternVL) [

📜InternVL1.0📜 InternVL 1.0📜InternVL1.0

](https://huggingface.co/papers/2312.14238) [

📜InternVL1.5📜 InternVL 1.5📜InternVL1.5

](https://huggingface.co/papers/2404.16821) [

📜Mini−InternVL📜 Mini-InternVL📜Mini−InternVL

](https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.16261) [

📜InternVL2.5📜 InternVL 2.5📜InternVL2.5

](https://huggingface.co/papers/2412.05271)

[[

🆕博客🆕 博客🆕博客

](https://internvl.github.io/blog/) [

🗨️对话演示🗨️ 对话演示🗨️对话演示

](https://internvl.opengvlab.com/) [

🤗HF演示🤗 HF 演示🤗HF演示

](https://huggingface.co/spaces/OpenGVLab/InternVL) [

🚀快速开始🚀 快速开始🚀快速开始

](#quick-start) [

📖文档📖 文档📖文档

](https://internvl.readthedocs.io/en/latest/)

简介

Image Description

两位实习生手牵手,象征着 InternViT 与 InternLM 的融合。

我们推出 InternVL 1.5,一个开源多模态大语言模型(MLLM),旨在弥合开源模型与闭源商业模型在多模态理解方面的能力差距。

我们提出三项简洁设计:

  1. 强大的视觉编码器: 我们探索了针对大规模视觉基础模型---InternViT-6B 的持续学习策略,提升其视觉理解能力,并使其能够迁移和复用到不同的 LLM 中。
  2. 动态高分辨率: 根据输入图像的宽高比和分辨率,我们将图像划分为 1 到 40 个 448 × 448 像素的图块,支持推理时最高 4K 分辨率输入。
  3. 高质量双语数据集: 我们精心收集了一个高质量双语数据集,涵盖常见场景和文档图像,并用中英文问答对进行标注,显著提升了 OCR 及中文相关任务的表现。

模型详情

  • 模型类型: 多模态大语言模型(MLLM)

  • 模型信息:

    • 架构:InternViT-6B-448px-V1-5 + MLP + InternLM2-Chat-20B
    • 图像尺寸:动态分辨率,最多 40 个 448 x 448 图块(4K 分辨率)。
    • 参数量:25.5B
  • 训练策略:

    • 预训练阶段可学习组件:ViT + MLP
    • 微调阶段可学习组件:ViT + MLP + LLM
    • 有关训练超参数的更多细节,请参阅我们的博客。

架构

image/png

性能

image/png

image/png

  • 我们在模型评估中同时使用了 InternVL 和 VLMEvalKit 两个仓库。具体而言,所报告的 DocVQA、ChartQA、InfoVQA、TextVQA、MME、AI2D、MMBench、CCBench、MMVet 与 SEED-Image 结果均基于 InternVL 仓库进行测试;OCRBench、RealWorldQA、HallBench 与 MathVista 结果则基于 VLMEvalKit 进行评估。

局限性:尽管我们在训练过程中努力确保模型安全,并引导模型生成符合伦理与法律要求的文本,但受模型规模与概率生成范式的影响,模型仍可能产生意外输出。例如,生成的回答可能包含偏见、歧视或其他有害内容。请勿传播此类内容。对于因传播有害信息而产生的任何后果,我们不承担责任。

示例

image/png image/png image/png image/png image/png image/png

快速开始

我们提供示例代码,用于通过 transformers 运行 InternVL-Chat-V1-5。

为了确保模型正常运行,请使用 transformers>=4.37.2。

模型加载

16 位(bf16 / fp16)

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()

BNB 8 位量化

import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5"
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    load_in_8bit=True,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval()

BNB 4-bit 量化

⚠️ 警告: 由于在 InternViT-6B 上使用 BNB 4-bit 量化会产生显著量化误差,模型可能输出无意义内容,并无法理解图像。因此,请避免使用 BNB 4-bit 量化。

多 GPU

之所以这样编写代码,是为了避免多 GPU 推理时因张量不在同一设备上而引发错误。通过确保大语言模型(LLM)的首层和末层位于同一设备,可以防止此类错误出现。

import math
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel

def split_model(model_name):
    device_map = {}
    world_size = torch.cuda.device_count()
    num_layers = {'Mini-InternVL-2B-V1-5': 24, 'Mini-InternVL-4B-V1-5': 32, 'InternVL-Chat-V1-5': 48}[model_name]
    # Since the first GPU will be used for ViT, treat it as half a GPU.
    num_layers_per_gpu = math.ceil(num_layers / (world_size - 0.5))
    num_layers_per_gpu = [num_layers_per_gpu] * world_size
    num_layers_per_gpu[0] = math.ceil(num_layers_per_gpu[0] * 0.5)
    layer_cnt = 0
    for i, num_layer in enumerate(num_layers_per_gpu):
        for j in range(num_layer):
            device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{layer_cnt}'] = i
            layer_cnt += 1
    device_map['vision_model'] = 0
    device_map['mlp1'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.tok_embeddings'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.embed_tokens'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.output'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.norm'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.model.rotary_emb'] = 0
    device_map['language_model.lm_head'] = 0
    device_map[f'language_model.model.layers.{num_layers - 1}'] = 0

    return device_map

path = "OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5"
device_map = split_model('InternVL-Chat-V1-5')
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True,
    device_map=device_map).eval()

使用 Transformers 进行推理

import numpy as np
import torch
import torchvision.transforms as T
from decord import VideoReader, cpu
from PIL import Image
from torchvision.transforms.functional import InterpolationMode
from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer

IMAGENET_MEAN = (0.485, 0.456, 0.406)
IMAGENET_STD = (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)

def build_transform(input_size):
    MEAN, STD = IMAGENET_MEAN, IMAGENET_STD
    transform = T.Compose([
        T.Lambda(lambda img: img.convert('RGB') if img.mode != 'RGB' else img),
        T.Resize((input_size, input_size), interpolation=InterpolationMode.BICUBIC),
        T.ToTensor(),
        T.Normalize(mean=MEAN, std=STD)
    ])
    return transform

def find_closest_aspect_ratio(aspect_ratio, target_ratios, width, height, image_size):
    best_ratio_diff = float('inf')
    best_ratio = (1, 1)
    area = width * height
    for ratio in target_ratios:
        target_aspect_ratio = ratio[0] / ratio[1]
        ratio_diff = abs(aspect_ratio - target_aspect_ratio)
        if ratio_diff < best_ratio_diff:
            best_ratio_diff = ratio_diff
            best_ratio = ratio
        elif ratio_diff == best_ratio_diff:
            if area > 0.5 * image_size * image_size * ratio[0] * ratio[1]:
                best_ratio = ratio
    return best_ratio

def dynamic_preprocess(image, min_num=1, max_num=12, image_size=448, use_thumbnail=False):
    orig_width, orig_height = image.size
    aspect_ratio = orig_width / orig_height

    # calculate the existing image aspect ratio
    target_ratios = set(
        (i, j) for n in range(min_num, max_num + 1) for i in range(1, n + 1) for j in range(1, n + 1) if
        i * j <= max_num and i * j >= min_num)
    target_ratios = sorted(target_ratios, key=lambda x: x[0] * x[1])

    # find the closest aspect ratio to the target
    target_aspect_ratio = find_closest_aspect_ratio(
        aspect_ratio, target_ratios, orig_width, orig_height, image_size)

    # calculate the target width and height
    target_width = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[0]
    target_height = image_size * target_aspect_ratio[1]
    blocks = target_aspect_ratio[0] * target_aspect_ratio[1]

    # resize the image
    resized_img = image.resize((target_width, target_height))
    processed_images = []
    for i in range(blocks):
        box = (
            (i % (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
            (i // (target_width // image_size)) * image_size,
            ((i % (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size,
            ((i // (target_width // image_size)) + 1) * image_size
        )
        # split the image
        split_img = resized_img.crop(box)
        processed_images.append(split_img)
    assert len(processed_images) == blocks
    if use_thumbnail and len(processed_images) != 1:
        thumbnail_img = image.resize((image_size, image_size))
        processed_images.append(thumbnail_img)
    return processed_images

def load_image(image_file, input_size=448, max_num=12):
    image = Image.open(image_file).convert('RGB')
    transform = build_transform(input_size=input_size)
    images = dynamic_preprocess(image, image_size=input_size, use_thumbnail=True, max_num=max_num)
    pixel_values = [transform(image) for image in images]
    pixel_values = torch.stack(pixel_values)
    return pixel_values

# If you have an 80G A100 GPU, you can put the entire model on a single GPU.
# Otherwise, you need to load a model using multiple GPUs, please refer to the `Multiple GPUs` section.
path = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5'
model = AutoModel.from_pretrained(
    path,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    low_cpu_mem_usage=True,
    use_flash_attn=True,
    trust_remote_code=True).eval().cuda()
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(path, trust_remote_code=True, use_fast=False)

# set the max number of tiles in `max_num`
pixel_values = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=True)

# pure-text conversation (纯文本对话)
question = 'Hello, who are you?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'Can you tell me a story?'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, None, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# single-image single-round conversation (单图单轮对话)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image shortly.'
response = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# single-image multi-round conversation (单图多轮对话)
question = '<image>\nPlease describe the image in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'Please write a poem according to the image.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# multi-image multi-round conversation, combined images (多图多轮对话,拼接图像)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)

question = '<image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# multi-image multi-round conversation, separate images (多图多轮对话,独立图像)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]

question = 'Image-1: <image>\nImage-2: <image>\nDescribe the two images in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                               history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'What are the similarities and differences between these two images.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                               history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# batch inference, single image per sample (单图批处理)
pixel_values1 = load_image('./examples/image1.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
pixel_values2 = load_image('./examples/image2.jpg', max_num=12).to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
num_patches_list = [pixel_values1.size(0), pixel_values2.size(0)]
pixel_values = torch.cat((pixel_values1, pixel_values2), dim=0)

questions = ['<image>\nDescribe the image in detail.'] * len(num_patches_list)
responses = model.batch_chat(tokenizer, pixel_values,
                             num_patches_list=num_patches_list,
                             questions=questions,
                             generation_config=generation_config)
for question, response in zip(questions, responses):
    print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

# video multi-round conversation (视频多轮对话)
def get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=32):
    if bound:
        start, end = bound[0], bound[1]
    else:
        start, end = -100000, 100000
    start_idx = max(first_idx, round(start * fps))
    end_idx = min(round(end * fps), max_frame)
    seg_size = float(end_idx - start_idx) / num_segments
    frame_indices = np.array([
        int(start_idx + (seg_size / 2) + np.round(seg_size * idx))
        for idx in range(num_segments)
    ])
    return frame_indices

def load_video(video_path, bound=None, input_size=448, max_num=1, num_segments=32):
    vr = VideoReader(video_path, ctx=cpu(0), num_threads=1)
    max_frame = len(vr) - 1
    fps = float(vr.get_avg_fps())

    pixel_values_list, num_patches_list = [], []
    transform = build_transform(input_size=input_size)
    frame_indices = get_index(bound, fps, max_frame, first_idx=0, num_segments=num_segments)
    for frame_index in frame_indices:
        img = Image.fromarray(vr[frame_index].asnumpy()).convert('RGB')
        img = dynamic_preprocess(img, image_size=input_size, use_thumbnail=True, max_num=max_num)
        pixel_values = [transform(tile) for tile in img]
        pixel_values = torch.stack(pixel_values)
        num_patches_list.append(pixel_values.shape[0])
        pixel_values_list.append(pixel_values)
    pixel_values = torch.cat(pixel_values_list)
    return pixel_values, num_patches_list

video_path = './examples/red-panda.mp4'
pixel_values, num_patches_list = load_video(video_path, num_segments=8, max_num=1)
pixel_values = pixel_values.to(torch.bfloat16).cuda()
video_prefix = ''.join([f'Frame{i+1}: <image>\n' for i in range(len(num_patches_list))])
question = video_prefix + 'What is the red panda doing?'
# Frame1: <image>\nFrame2: <image>\n...\nFrame8: <image>\n{question}
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=None, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

question = 'Describe this video in detail.'
response, history = model.chat(tokenizer, pixel_values, question, generation_config,
                               num_patches_list=num_patches_list, history=history, return_history=True)
print(f'User: {question}\nAssistant: {response}')

流式输出

除了该方法之外,你还可以使用以下代码获取流式输出。

from transformers import TextIteratorStreamer
from threading import Thread

# Initialize the streamer
streamer = TextIteratorStreamer(tokenizer, skip_prompt=True, skip_special_tokens=True, timeout=10)
# Define the generation configuration
generation_config = dict(max_new_tokens=1024, do_sample=False, streamer=streamer)
# Start the model chat in a separate thread
thread = Thread(target=model.chat, kwargs=dict(
    tokenizer=tokenizer, pixel_values=pixel_values, question=question,
    history=None, return_history=False, generation_config=generation_config,
))
thread.start()

# Initialize an empty string to store the generated text
generated_text = ''
# Loop through the streamer to get the new text as it is generated
for new_text in streamer:
    if new_text == model.conv_template.sep:
        break
    generated_text += new_text
    print(new_text, end='', flush=True)  # Print each new chunk of generated text on the same line

微调

目前已有许多仓库支持对 InternVL 系列模型进行微调,包括 InternVL、SWIFT、XTurner 等。有关微调的更多详细信息,请参阅它们的文档。

部署

LMDeploy

LMDeploy 是一款用于压缩、部署和提供 LLM 与 VLM 服务的工具包。

pip install lmdeploy>=0.5.3

LMDeploy 将多模态视觉语言模型(VLM)复杂的推理过程抽象为一条易用流水线,类似于大语言模型(LLM)的推理流水线。

“你好,世界”示例

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5'
image = load_image('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/tests/data/tiger.jpeg')
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=8192))
response = pipe(('describe this image', image))
print(response.text)

如果运行此示例时出现 ImportError,请按提示安装所需的依赖包。

多图像推理

在处理多张图像时,可以将它们全部放入同一个列表中。请注意,多张图像会增加输入 token 数量,因此通常需要增大上下文窗口大小。

警告:由于多图像对话数据较少,多图像任务的表现可能不稳定,可能需要多次尝试才能取得满意的结果。

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image
from lmdeploy.vl.constants import IMAGE_TOKEN

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5'
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=8192))

image_urls=[
    'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/human-pose.jpg',
    'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/det.jpg'
]

images = [load_image(img_url) for img_url in image_urls]
# Numbering images improves multi-image conversations
response = pipe((f'Image-1: {IMAGE_TOKEN}\nImage-2: {IMAGE_TOKEN}\ndescribe these two images', images))
print(response.text)

批量提示推理

使用批量提示进行推理非常简单;只需将它们放入列表结构中即可:

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5'
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=8192))

image_urls=[
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/human-pose.jpg",
    "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/det.jpg"
]
prompts = [('describe this image', load_image(img_url)) for img_url in image_urls]
response = pipe(prompts)
print(response)

多轮对话

通过 pipeline 进行多轮对话有两种方式:一种是根据 OpenAI 的格式构造 messages,并沿用上述介绍的方法;另一种是直接调用 pipeline.chat 接口。

from lmdeploy import pipeline, TurbomindEngineConfig, GenerationConfig
from lmdeploy.vl import load_image

model = 'OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5'
pipe = pipeline(model, backend_config=TurbomindEngineConfig(session_len=8192))

image = load_image('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/open-mmlab/mmdeploy/main/demo/resources/human-pose.jpg')
gen_config = GenerationConfig(top_k=40, top_p=0.8, temperature=0.8)
sess = pipe.chat(('describe this image', image), gen_config=gen_config)
print(sess.response.text)
sess = pipe.chat('What is the woman doing?', session=sess, gen_config=gen_config)
print(sess.response.text)

服务

LMDeploy 的 api_server 只需一条命令,即可轻松将模型打包为服务。所提供的 RESTful API 与 OpenAI 接口兼容。以下是服务启动示例:

lmdeploy serve api_server OpenGVLab/InternVL-Chat-V1-5 --server-port 23333

要使用 OpenAI 风格的接口,您需要安装 OpenAI:

pip install openai

然后,使用以下代码发起 API 调用:

from openai import OpenAI

client = OpenAI(api_key='YOUR_API_KEY', base_url='http://0.0.0.0:23333/v1')
model_name = client.models.list().data[0].id
response = client.chat.completions.create(
    model=model_name,
    messages=[{
        'role':
        'user',
        'content': [{
            'type': 'text',
            'text': 'describe this image',
        }, {
            'type': 'image_url',
            'image_url': {
                'url':
                'https://modelscope.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/resource/tiger.jpeg',
            },
        }],
    }],
    temperature=0.8,
    top_p=0.8)
print(response)

许可证

本项目基于 MIT License 发布。本项目将预训练的 internlm2-chat-20b 作为组件使用,该组件采用 Apache License 2.0 许可证。

引用

如果你发现本项目对研究有帮助,请考虑引用:

@article{chen2024expanding,
  title={Expanding Performance Boundaries of Open-Source Multimodal Models with Model, Data, and Test-Time Scaling},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wang, Weiyun and Cao, Yue and Liu, Yangzhou and Gao, Zhangwei and Cui, Erfei and Zhu, Jinguo and Ye, Shenglong and Tian, Hao and Liu, Zhaoyang and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.05271},
  year={2024}
}
@article{gao2024mini,
  title={Mini-internvl: A flexible-transfer pocket multimodal model with 5\% parameters and 90\% performance},
  author={Gao, Zhangwei and Chen, Zhe and Cui, Erfei and Ren, Yiming and Wang, Weiyun and Zhu, Jinguo and Tian, Hao and Ye, Shenglong and He, Junjun and Zhu, Xizhou and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.16261},
  year={2024}
}
@article{chen2024far,
  title={How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suites},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wang, Weiyun and Tian, Hao and Ye, Shenglong and Gao, Zhangwei and Cui, Erfei and Tong, Wenwen and Hu, Kongzhi and Luo, Jiapeng and Ma, Zheng and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.16821},
  year={2024}
}
@inproceedings{chen2024internvl,
  title={Internvl: Scaling up vision foundation models and aligning for generic visual-linguistic tasks},
  author={Chen, Zhe and Wu, Jiannan and Wang, Wenhai and Su, Weijie and Chen, Guo and Xing, Sen and Zhong, Muyan and Zhang, Qinglong and Zhu, Xizhou and Lu, Lewei and others},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  pages={24185--24198},
  year={2024}
}